《外貿(mào)函電》復(fù)習(xí)重點(diǎn)
第一課復(fù)習(xí)重點(diǎn)
1.經(jīng)營(yíng)范圍
課文中用法: As this item falls(be, lie) within the scope(sphere) of our business activities,(lines) 棉布屬于我公司經(jīng)營(yíng)范圍。
替代用法:
The item you inquired for comes within the frame of our business activities.你們所詢的商品正屬于我們的業(yè)務(wù)經(jīng)營(yíng)范圍。
We handle the import business of textiles.我公司經(jīng)營(yíng)紡織品的進(jìn)口業(yè)務(wù)。
We deal in Chinese textiles.我們經(jīng)營(yíng)中國(guó)紡織品。
We are engaged in the exportation of chemicals.我們經(jīng)營(yíng)化工產(chǎn)品的出口。
This shop trades in paper and stationery.這商店經(jīng)營(yíng)文具紙張。
We are in the cotton piece goods business. (line)我們經(jīng)營(yíng)棉織品。
Cotton Piece Goods are our line.棉布是我公司經(jīng)營(yíng)的產(chǎn)品。
Cotton Piece Goods are our main exports.棉布是我們的主要進(jìn)口商品。
2.建立業(yè)務(wù)關(guān)系
課文中用法:to enter into direct business relations with you與你公司建立直接的業(yè)務(wù)關(guān)系。
注意:relations 必用復(fù)數(shù); business 可用trade 替代。
與某某建立業(yè)務(wù)聯(lián)系,一般用法:to establish business relations with……;to enter into business activities with……;to build up business relations with……;to make business contact with ……。
與誰(shuí)建立業(yè)務(wù)聯(lián)系用with, 如:與你公司(你們,潛在顧客等)建立聯(lián)系to establish business relations with your company (your firm, your corporation,prospective dealers.)。
建立什么樣的關(guān)系:to establish direct (直接的) [pleasant (愉快的),friendly (友好的),good (良好的),mutually beneficial (互利的)] relations with ……。
在什么基礎(chǔ)上建立業(yè)務(wù)關(guān)系:on the basis of…… 如:We are willing to enter into business relations with your firm on the basis of equality, mutual benefit and exchanging what one has for what one needs.我們?cè)冈谄降然ダ、互通有無(wú)的基礎(chǔ)上與你公司建立業(yè)務(wù)聯(lián)系。
促進(jìn)業(yè)務(wù)聯(lián)系:to promote business relations;加強(qiáng)業(yè)務(wù)聯(lián)系:to strengthen (enhance) business relations.
3.general idea
A general idea 概況。(對(duì)應(yīng)于詳細(xì)情況 :in details,F(xiàn)ull details, all the details, important details, detail information)。
4.Available
Available 形容詞available放在它所修飾的名詞前或后都可以,如:Available quantity 或quantity available 可供數(shù)量。在外貿(mào)書信中放在后面比較普通,如:Do you have any sample available? 你們能給我們寄樣品嗎?
5.Quotation
quotation 做“報(bào)價(jià)”解時(shí),常與動(dòng)詞make, send, give 等連用:Please make (send, give) us your lowest quotation.
另外,還可以用let us have 的結(jié)構(gòu):Please let us have your lowest quotation.
“quotation”后面常跟介詞for,然后接所報(bào)的商品,在少數(shù)情況下,買方提及賣方的報(bào)價(jià)時(shí)用of.
向?qū)Ψ秸?qǐng)求報(bào)價(jià)時(shí),必用for: Please make us your lowest quotation for Chinese Folding Fans.請(qǐng)報(bào)中國(guó)折扇最低價(jià)。
提到對(duì)方報(bào)來(lái)的價(jià),即已形成了的報(bào)價(jià)用of: Your quotation of ChineseFolding Fans is too high to be acceptable.你方中國(guó)折扇報(bào)價(jià)太高,不能接受。
6.結(jié)尾語(yǔ)
We look forward to your favourable reply. 盼佳音。通常我們以“盼早復(fù)”“盼佳音”等來(lái)結(jié)束此類信件。
第二課復(fù)習(xí)重點(diǎn)
1.Quote
與quotation 相對(duì)應(yīng)的動(dòng)詞是 quote.
做報(bào)價(jià)解時(shí)的基本結(jié)構(gòu)是:quote sb a price for sth: Please quote us your lowest price for walnuts.請(qǐng)向我方報(bào)核桃價(jià)。
有時(shí)不說(shuō)以介詞for短語(yǔ)表示的商品,就成為quote sb a price: Please quote us your lowest price. 請(qǐng)向我方報(bào)最低價(jià)。
有時(shí)只要直接賓語(yǔ),而省略其它部分就成為quote a price: Please quote your lowest price.
2.Happen to
這一結(jié)構(gòu)和動(dòng)詞連用,可以用來(lái)強(qiáng)調(diào)一件事是偶然發(fā)生的。如:I happen to know your are wrong.
但這一結(jié)構(gòu)和名詞連用,則表示“臨到……頭上”。如:If anything happens to him, let me know. 如果他遭到什么意外,請(qǐng)通知我。
另外,happen to 也常與if 與should連用。If (Should) you happen to pass a breaker's, pick me up a brown loaf, would you? 如果你碰巧經(jīng)過(guò)面包店,請(qǐng)給我?guī)б粋(gè)黑面包。
3.Desire
desire n./v. 期望,渴望;要求,請(qǐng)求(比wish強(qiáng)烈)
4.Information
Information n. 消息,報(bào)道(不可數(shù)名詞,后常接介詞on或about, 也可以接regarding或concerning)We shall be glad to receive more information on (or: about) this matter. 我們?cè)傅玫接嘘P(guān)此事的更多的消息。
All necessary information 一切必要的情況。此句中提到的catalog 與sample books 在商業(yè)書信中都屬于information的范圍。
Catalogue n. 目錄(本)[目錄本適用于一般商品,列名詳細(xì)規(guī)格及商品號(hào)碼等,有繪畫、照片或圖表者,稱為illustrated catalogue.
單頁(yè)的商品說(shuō)明書稱為leaflet. Sample books 樣品本 [把布匹、紙張等各種花樣,圖案的小塊剪樣(sample cuttings)裝訂成一本,注明商品號(hào)碼,稱為樣品本,寄供客戶選購(gòu)之用。
5.Acquaint
so as to acquaint us with the material and workmanship of your supplies. 以便我公司熟悉你公司供貨的質(zhì)地和工藝。Acquaint sb. with sth. 等于 inform sb of sth; tell sb sth.
6.Supply
supply 可以用作名詞,也可以用作動(dòng)詞。
Supply 作名詞用時(shí)表示“供應(yīng)”或“供應(yīng)的貨物”。
在使用中要注意:
a.作名詞用: 表示抽象的概念以及一些習(xí)語(yǔ)中時(shí),常用單數(shù):Supply now exceeds demand on our market.目前我方市場(chǎng)供過(guò)于求。The goods are in short (scarce, light, free, abundant, ample) supply. 該貨現(xiàn)供應(yīng)短缺(稀少,量少,量大,豐富,充分)。
表示具體概念時(shí),用單復(fù)數(shù)都可以:We are replenishing supply (or: supplies )。 我們正在補(bǔ)充貨源。 Buyers require additional supply (or: supplies) of wood oil. 買主要求再供應(yīng)些桐油。
b.作動(dòng)詞用:要注意句型:- We can supply you with all kinds of leather shoes. - We can supply all kinds of leather shoes. - We believe we shall be able to supply your requirements.
7.Intend
intend 打算,是正式用語(yǔ), 指“心里已有做某事的目標(biāo)或計(jì)劃”, 含有“行動(dòng)堅(jiān)決”之意, 如: I intended to write to you.我要給你寫信。
mean 也含有“想做某事”的意思,可與 intend互換, 但強(qiáng)調(diào)“做事的意圖”, 較口語(yǔ)化, 如: I mean to go to bed earlier tonight.今晚 我想早些睡覺。
另外類似的詞還有propose,指“公開明確地提出自已的目的或計(jì)劃”, 如:I proposed to speak for an hour.我想講一小時(shí)。
8.Appreciate
appreciate指對(duì)…表示感激、感謝。如:I really appreciate your help.我真的很感激你的幫助。
第三課復(fù)習(xí)重點(diǎn)
1.under separate cover
under separate cover表示“另封郵寄”,對(duì)應(yīng)于enclose.
Enclose表示“隨函附寄”。除了under separate cover 還可以用by separate mail, by separate post ; 或by another mail, by another post
注意:這幾個(gè)詞意思完全一樣,但搭配不同。
2.Offer
在國(guó)際貿(mào)易中,可作報(bào)價(jià)解的除quote與quotation外,還有一個(gè)常用詞,即offer.
Offer作報(bào)盤解時(shí),既可作名詞用,也可作動(dòng)詞用。
Offer作名詞用時(shí),常與動(dòng)詞make, send, give等連用,后接介詞for或on, 或of, 接 for最普通,接on較少見,買方提及賣方的報(bào)盤時(shí),即說(shuō)到對(duì)方已報(bào)某貨的盤或某數(shù)量的盤時(shí),常用of.如:Please make (send, give) us an offer for (或 on) Walnuts. Your offer of wood oil is too high.(當(dāng)然,在這若用for或on也對(duì),但用of較好)。
Offer做動(dòng)詞時(shí),可以不及物,如: We will offer as soon as possible. 我方將盡早報(bào)盤。也可以及物。
作及物動(dòng)詞用時(shí),賓語(yǔ)可以是人,可以是物,也可以有雙賓語(yǔ)。
We hope to be able to offer you next week. 我們希望能于下周某一天向你方報(bào)盤。
We can offer various kinds of cotton piece goods. 我們能報(bào)盤各式各樣的棉布。
We can offer you Iron Nails at attractive prices. 我們能以具有吸引力的價(jià)格向你報(bào)盤鐵釘。
嚴(yán)格講quote/quotation 與 offer不同,quote/quotation是報(bào)價(jià),指某一商品的單價(jià),offer是報(bào)盤,除單價(jià)外,還包括數(shù)量,交貨期,付款方式等等。
另外,offer比較固定,賣方價(jià)格報(bào)出后,一般不能輕易變動(dòng),而quote/quotation則不同,賣方報(bào)價(jià)后,不受約束,可以根據(jù)情況略加調(diào)整。盡管有區(qū)別,但各國(guó)商人則往往把這兩個(gè)詞混用。這一點(diǎn)要特別注意。
另外,在使用時(shí),還應(yīng)注意下列習(xí)慣用法:Please offer us 500 Bicycles CIF London. Please quote us your lowest price for 500 Bicycles CIF London.
注意:動(dòng)詞quote 的基本用法:to quote sb. a price for sth. 動(dòng)詞 offer 的基本用法:to offer sb. sth.
3.In due course
in due course 是商業(yè)書信中的成語(yǔ),有時(shí)用副詞duly,意指情況正常按時(shí)到達(dá)。
4.At seller‘s/buyer’s option
at seller‘s option 表示由賣方?jīng)Q定,而at buyer’s option 則表示由買方?jīng)Q定。
5.Acceptable,Accept, Acceptance
acceptable 是形容詞,可接受的;accept是動(dòng)詞,接受;acceptance是名詞,接受。
在報(bào)盤有效期內(nèi)接受報(bào)盤的全部條款,達(dá)成交易。我們就說(shuō):We accept your offer of 2 000 kilos black tea. 或:We confirm our acceptance of your offer of …
若買方只是說(shuō):Your offer is acceptable. We are accepting your offer.都不應(yīng)理解為業(yè)務(wù)已經(jīng)成交,對(duì)此必須特別注意,以免在實(shí)際業(yè)務(wù)中發(fā)生誤會(huì)。
6.conformation
confirmation 是名詞,表示確認(rèn)。
第四課復(fù)習(xí)重點(diǎn)
1.to be indebted to somebody for something
to be indebted to somebody for something 是這種句式基本語(yǔ)序,但在實(shí)踐中,如果somebody是一個(gè)比較長(zhǎng)的短語(yǔ),為了使整個(gè)句子讀起來(lái)更通順,更容易理解,就可以把它挪到句尾:to be indebted to somebody for something.
如本課 We are indebted for your address to the Commercial Counselor's Office of the Algerian Embassy in Beijing. 我們得知你公司的地址,要感謝阿爾及利亞駐北京大使館商贊處。在這里,要感謝的人是the Commercial Counselor's Office of the Algerian Embassy in Beijing. 阿爾及利亞駐北京大使館商贊處,這是個(gè)比較長(zhǎng)的短語(yǔ),所以放在句尾。
2.inform/advise
They have informed us that……該處已經(jīng)告知我們……
Inform 做通知講時(shí),可與advise換用。
常用結(jié)構(gòu):
a. 賓語(yǔ)后接of短語(yǔ): in form (advise) somebody of something. 不過(guò)近來(lái)國(guó)外來(lái)信有省略介詞of的現(xiàn)象。We shall in form (advise) you (of) the date of shipment.我們將把裝運(yùn)日期通知你方。
b. 賓語(yǔ)后接從句 inform (advise) somebody + that/what/which: We wish to inform (advise) you that business has been done at US$110 per metric ton. 我們已經(jīng)以每公噸110美元的價(jià)格成交,特此告知。
c.茲通知(你們)……Please be informed (advised) that……: Please be informed (advised) that we have already sent the samples requested. 茲通知你方,我方已經(jīng)將所索樣品寄出。
注意:如果省略賓語(yǔ)(人稱代詞)則不宜使用inform.如:Please advise the name of steamer. 請(qǐng)告知船名。Please advise what quantity you can sell a year.請(qǐng)告知每年可銷售的數(shù)量。在這種情況下,不能用inform,只能用advise.
3.in the market for something
in the market for something 是書面語(yǔ)言,表示想買進(jìn)某物。如課文中:You are in the market for Chemicals. 你公司要購(gòu)買化工產(chǎn)品。
除此以外,in the market for something 也可以引申于“樂于接受某物”。如:I'm always in the market for good new ideas.我總是樂于接受有益的新建議。
in the market 是想要買(或賣)的意思。如:Please advise us when you are in the market.當(dāng)你們想要買(或賣)時(shí),請(qǐng)告知我們。
In the market 還可以做“上市,出售,可以買到”解,同on the market可以相互替代。
如:This is the best article on the market.這是市場(chǎng)上可以買到的最好的商品。
又如:The article will be on the market.商品本周就會(huì)上市。
其他一些在商業(yè)中會(huì)用到的market詞組:
at the market 主要用于交易所,意思是:照市價(jià),照當(dāng)前最好的行情。
bring to market, put on the market, come into the market 都可以用來(lái)表示:在市場(chǎng)上出售,投放市場(chǎng)。如:The new color TV will come into the market soon. 新型彩色電視機(jī)不久將投放市場(chǎng)。
lose one's market 失去做買賣的機(jī)會(huì)。如:We don't want to lose our market by sticking to have it at the market price. 我們不想因?yàn)閳?jiān)持按市價(jià)購(gòu)進(jìn)而失去做買賣的機(jī)會(huì)。
price out of the market (商品)定價(jià)過(guò)高而無(wú)人購(gòu)買。如:If you don't accept a low profit, you'll price yourself right out of the market. 如果你不同意降低利潤(rùn),就只有漫天要價(jià)無(wú)人問津了。
4.Enclose
enclose 是動(dòng)詞,表示“封入”。商業(yè)信件中常有在 enclose后加herewith的,如We enclose herewith a copy of our price list. 但最好不用,因enclose與herewith在意義上重復(fù)。
表示附在某封信內(nèi),用介詞with 或 in: Please refer to the price list enclosed with (or: in) our letter of August 5. 請(qǐng)查閱8月5去信所附的價(jià)目表。
過(guò)去分詞enclosed作表語(yǔ)時(shí),常倒裝置于句首。如A copy of our Export List are enclosed.
在課文中將enclosed 倒裝:Enclosed herewith is a copy of our Export List 現(xiàn)隨函附寄我公司出口商品表一份。
過(guò)去分詞enclosed作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí),也常倒裝置于句首或置于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之后:Enclosed please find a copy of our price list. (或 Please find enclosed a copy of our price list.) 隨函附寄我公司價(jià)目表一份。
過(guò)去分詞enclosed可作名詞,前面加定冠詞:We believe you will find the enclosed interesting. 我們相信你們對(duì)所附之件會(huì)感興趣。
5.Requirements
requirement 表示需要時(shí),常用單數(shù),后接介詞of: We have noted your requirement of samples and catalogues.我們已經(jīng)注意到你們需要樣品和商品目錄。
表示需要的貨物或需要量時(shí)常用復(fù)數(shù),后接介詞for或of: We can meet your requirements for Walnut meat.我們可以滿足你方對(duì)核桃仁的需要。Please let us know your annual requirements of Walnuts.請(qǐng)告知你方對(duì)核桃的年需求量。
注意:表示滿足需要,除meet外,還可以用satisfy, fill, supply 等動(dòng)詞。
6.Promote
to promote both business and friendship促進(jìn)業(yè)務(wù)和友誼;
可替代的用法是:to promote friendship as well as business .
7.trade in 和trade with
in our trade with customers in the Asian-African countries我們?cè)谕瑏喎菄?guó)家的客戶進(jìn)行貿(mào)易時(shí);
trade 做動(dòng)詞用時(shí),表示“從事貿(mào)易,做生意,經(jīng)營(yíng)”。
注意:和某人做貿(mào)易接with, 經(jīng)營(yíng)某項(xiàng)商品接in. 如:They trade mainly in cotton piece goods.他們主要經(jīng)營(yíng)棉布。